该视频由David Fraser授权，文本经ICCAW编辑整理。因演讲视频较长，将分为4个片段陆续发布。

I have the distinct honor to introduce the next speaker. I also have the distinct honor now of seeing David Fraser, has a long history in animal welfare issues. And I think the more practical implications of his accomplishments, he provides advices for various organizations including Burger King, the Food Marketing Institute,the National Council of Chain Restaurants, the World Organization for AnimalHealth, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,and within Canada, on the Board of Trustees of the Animal Welfare Foundationfor Canada, and the Animal Welfare Committee of the Vancouver Foundation. In2005, he was appointed a member of the Order of Canada for his contribution toscience. Lastly, I would strongly encourage everyone who has an interest inthis field to purchase this book UnderstandingAnimal Welfare. I don’t speak with a lot of force on this issue, but Ithink this is probably the most comprehensive piece that has been put out. Witha lot of welcome to Dr. Fraser.

  我很荣幸地介绍下一位演讲嘉宾，David Fraser, 在动物福利问题上声名卓著。我认为，他的成就更实际地显示为，他为各类机构提供建议，包括汉堡王、食品经营协会、国家连锁饭店委员会、世界动物卫生组织、联合国粮农组织，在加拿大，他是加拿大动物福利基金会理事会成员及温哥华基金会的动物福利委员会成员。在2005年，因其对科学的贡献，他荣获加拿大总督功勋奖。最后，我强烈推荐对此领域有兴趣的人购买这本书《理解动物福利》。在这个领域，我的话语没有太多权威，但是，我认为这本书很可能是这个领域最全面的著作。热烈欢迎David Fraser博士。

  Good.Thank you Jessie for the generous introduction, and applaud for my book, and thank you organizers for putting together what has so far been a spectacularly interesting program, and thanks to all of you for this honor of being able toshare some thoughts with you today.

  很好。感谢Jessie如此慷慨的介绍及对我的著作的称赞，感谢主办方组织了如此精彩的活动，感谢所有人，今天能够和你们分享一些想法，我深感荣耀。

  Thebehavior of pigs in verse, Chapter 17, keeping cool by rolling in manure.

猪的行为，以诗篇的形式讲述，第17章，在粪便中滚动以保持凉爽

  The pig, in spite of all reports, does practice cleanliness of sorts.

猪，尽管众说纷纭，但确实会进行凑合的自我清洁。

He finds a comfy place to lie, free from draft, warm and dry.

他选择舒适的地方躺着，无风、温暖而干燥。

Then all the rest of his demesne is fair game for a pig’s latrine.

然后，领地的其它地方都可能成为猪的便坑。

But if the weather grows too hot, then his resting place is not

但是，如果天气太热，那么他的休憩地就不是

warm and dry and free from breeze,

温暖干燥而无风，

but just the opposite of these.

而正好相反，

If he finds a lack of mud to coat his hide, and cool his blood,

如果他没有找到足够的泥巴来包裹身体，冷却血液，

well,piggie doesn’t seem to mind.

那么，小猪好像并不在意。

He makes do with the homemade kind.

他用自制的来应付，

Unhygenie,in a sense, but keeping cool takes precedence.

不卫生，一定程度上，但是保持凉爽更加重要。

One of my ambitions in life is to record what it’s known about the behavior of pigs in verse, and no captive audience ever escapes.

  我的一个人生抱负就是以诗篇的形式来记录已知的猪的行为，连被迫而来的观众们都没有任何溜走的。

  Let’s get started with an event that happened in Vancourver, my hometown. In 1964,when the Vancourver aquarium commissioned a sculptor to kill an orca. The idea was that the sculptor who also worked for commercial fishermen, would use the body of the orca to sculpt a lifelike replica as an educational display. Amidst great media attention and fanfare, the sculptor set up a harpoon gun on an island where orcas were known to pass, and there, he waited.

  让我们以我的家乡温哥华曾发生的事件开始。1964年，温哥华水族馆委托一名雕塑家杀死一只虎鲸。当时的想法是，这位同时为商业渔民工作的雕塑家可以利用虎鲸的尸体来雕刻一具造型逼真的复制品，以用于教育展览。在巨大的媒体关注和喧耀中，雕塑家在一个虎鲸出没的小岛上，设立了一个鱼叉，然后他等待着。

  Two months later, and long after the media had died down, the aquarium received anurgent phone call. He had the harpoon on the orca. It was struggling vigorouslyon the line, but showed no sign of expiring. He didn’t know what to do next.They made the quick decision to tow the orca by the harpoon line 40 miles back to the port of Vancouver in a temporary holding facility. And there, the orca became an international celebrity. 20,000 people flocked to see it on the firstday when the public viewing was allowed. The article about it appeared in all the major news media in the world. A film about the orca that was captured was shown in 43 countries. The orca only lived another 75 days, but the aquarium seeing this huge public interest, built a large tank. For the next 30 years,wild-caught orcas were the star attraction of the aquarium. In 1990s, the aquarium found itself under increasing pressure from critics, media, some of their own customers who questioned the ethics of keeping such a large, active,social and intelligent animal in captivity. And after a long debate, they decided they would no longer keep wild-caught orca. The last one was transported from Vancouver down the Santiago, at least she would have more room in the company of other orcas.

两个月后，在媒体的关注平息后，水族馆接到一个紧急电话。鱼叉被插在虎鲸上，虎鲸在鱼叉线上奋力挣扎，但并无死亡的迹象。雕刻家不知如何是好。他们快速决定用鱼叉线把虎鲸拖到40米外的温哥华港口。在那儿，虎鲸受到了国际关注。在公众观看被允许的第一天，2万人蜂拥而至。关于虎鲸的文章刊登在世界各大新闻媒体上。一部关于这头虎鲸的影片在43个国家播出。虎鲸只存活了75天，但水族馆，在如此巨大的公众兴趣刺激下，建立了一个大型水箱。在接下来的30年里，被捕的野生虎鲸成为水族馆的明星。在20世纪90年代，水族馆承受越来越大来自评论家、媒体及顾客的质疑，他们质疑圈养这种大型群居、活跃且聪慧的动物的道德标准。经过长时间讨论后，他们决定不再养殖野生虎鲸。最后一头虎鲸被从温哥华运到圣地亚哥，至少这头虎鲸在其它虎鲸的陪伴下可以拥有更多空间。

The transport happened during a provincial election in British Columbia in 2001.And it was amusing to see that the orca got as much media attention, and certainly far more genuine and public interest than any of the political candidates. In fact, if the orca had ran the election, I think British Columbia could have edged out California back in 2001 as the first West coast jurisdiction to be governed by a large muscular entertainment figure who communicated with drums and whistles.

 运输这头虎鲸时，正值2001年不列颠哥伦比亚省的省长竞选。很有意思的是，这头虎鲸得到了同政治候选人一样多的媒体关注，而更多真诚的公众兴趣。实际上，如果这头虎鲸参与了竞选，我认为不列颠哥伦比亚省可以击败加利福尼亚州，成为第一个由一位大型而肌肉发达的娱乐人物管理的西海岸辖区，通过鼓声及口哨声进行交流。

  Of course, that was just one example of many many that you have already seen this morning. This transition that we have all been living through, are from a time when killing an orca seems like a legitimate and interesting program to a time when just keeping an orca in captivity was enough to lead to public debate about its welfare.

当然，这只是你们今天上午看到的许多例子中的一个。我们都经历着这种转变，从杀死一头虎鲸好像是合法有趣的节目的时代，到只是圈养一头虎鲸就足以引发公众辩论其福利问题的时代。

  Justto show how pervasive this has become. Now, if a company decides, in acorporate world, company decides, Walmart and Burger King, are routinely announcing animal welfare requirements in their supply chain. In the veterinarian world, in the past 7 years, 178 member countries of the OIE, the world organization for animal health, have adopted more than 100 pages ofanimal welfare standards as new text in the very influential Terrestrial Animal Health Code. In the financial world, the International Finance Cooperation, the investment arm of the World Bank, has announced it wanted to see animal welfare as part of the business plan of livestock companies in which it invests. And atthe UN, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, major international organizations involved in agriculture and poverty reduction, now,published as I recommended to you, a weekly news update called “Gateway to FarmAnimal Welfare”, which brings new development to agriculture and veterinarian leaders around the world. Now all of these, plus many other things you have already seen this morning, happen in the past 7 to 10 years.